The concept of governance initially emerged in the field of economics and business management with the objective of achieving greater efficiency. It was subsequently extended to the field of government management. In many countries, governance has become a topic of great importance as a result of the implementation of decentralization policies and the extension of popular participation in land use plans in the search for sustainable development. The study, developed in the Decentralized Autonomous Government of Portoviejo canton in the province (...) of Manabí, had as its primary objective the verification of the knowledge of governance among decision-makers and other socially involved actors in the canton's land use plan in the search for sustainable local development. This was achieved through an analysis of the Plan, conceived and applied with the intention of fostering cohesion among the policies implemented. The study employed a combination of theoretical and empirical methods. The theoretical approach involved a review and analysis of the literature on the subject, while the empirical approach involved data collection through questionnaires administered to socially involved actors. This approach enabled the researchers to gain insights into the perceptions and experiences of these actors, and to assess the effectiveness of various governance practices. (shrink)

The philosophical musings in this article are inspired by Laura Esquivel’s multimedia novel, The Law of Love, set in a world of high-end technological gadgets in the 23rd century where people are aware that their lives are governed by the law of karma. The reflections try to show that although sophisticated technology might be able to help in tracking one’s spiritual growth in many ways, in the long run it will only hamper the true evolution of the soul.

In a recent contribution to legal ontology, Kenneth Ehrenberg identifies a puzzle concerning _the basic validity rule_ of legal systems: If formal institutions require a codified foundational constitutive rule, then legal systems cannot be formal institutions, since their foundational constitutive rule is necessarily an uncodified basic validity rule. To solve this puzzle, Ehrenberg suggests taking this rule as ‘a foundational and self-identifying institutional fact’. Here, I challenge his solution and the very existence of this puzzle. By arguing, contra Ehrenberg, that (...) the basic validity rule is not the foundational constitutive rule of a legal system, but only the foundational constitutive rule of legal validity; that its codification in fact contributes towards the institutionalisation of a legal system; and that the true foundational constitutive rule of a legal system is the formal group structure of the higher-constitutional organisations, I submit an alternative account of the institutional nature of legal systems. (shrink)

En este artículo se trataría de explorar la formación, durante el tardofranquismo, de una vanguardia filosófica caracterizada por la ruptura explícita con el ethos universitario. A partir de un análisis prácticamente exhaustivo de la producción filosófica de Eugenio Trías y de Fernando Savater en el periodo señalado se trata de mostrar la ruptura -total en el caso de Savater y parcial en el caso de Eugenio Trías- operada por estos autores con la filosofía académica, incluidas las alternativas “modernistas” de ésta. (...) En el caso de Fernando Savater esto se produce a través de una lectura de Nietzsche filtrada por la importación de contenidos teóricos procedentes de la “sociología sagrada”, de la literatura de Cioran y en menor medida de la Teoría Crítica frankfurtiana. En el caso de Trías, la estrategia consiste básicamente en la reconversión vanguardista del ejercicio docto del comentario de textos canónicos mediante la importación de técnicas y principios inspirados en el estructuralismo. El proceso tendría lugar en un contexto marcado por tranformaciones importantes en el campo político, religioso y editorial. La metodología del trabajo se apoyará en la sociología de los campos de producción intelectual inspirada por Bourdieu, en la sociología de las redes filosóficas y rituales de interacción propiciada por Randall Collins y en el análisis microhistórico de las “constelaciones filosóficas” sugerido por los discípulos de Dieter Henrich. (shrink)

El estudio de las presas y embalses históricos es un campo desigualmente abordado desde la historiografía, la arqueología, la arquitectura o la ingeniería civil. En la península ibérica su estudio ha estado centrado en obras de grandes dimensiones que, en general son romanas, renacentistas o posteriores. Sin embargo, pocas veces se consideran las infraestructuras andalusíes, sus formas de implantación, cómo fue la transmisión del conocimiento de su tecnología o el ámbito social y cultural en el que se desarrollaron. Suelen ser (...) vestigios que se encuentran aislados y dispersos en el ámbito rural con el que dibujan un paisaje único. Esta circunstancia dificulta su documentación e impide el estudio a fondo de estas obras como condición, previa e imprescindible, para su conocimiento. La contribución de este trabajo es el resultado de una investigación realizada sobre el paisaje generado por uno de los pocos ejemplos de presa de contención conocidos en al-Andalus de los que aún se conservan restos. Se trata de una barrera fluvial levantada, a mediados del siglo XII, en la cuenca del río Trujala en el municipio de Segura de la Sierra (Jaén); un dique que transformó un campo en un pequeño mar o albuhera. (shrink)

El objetivo principal del presente trabajo de investigación es esclarecer el papel de la alteridad y el reconocimiento en Leibniz, tanto en su lógica de la alteridad y su teoría de la justicia universal, como en su fundamentación ontológica en la naturaleza expresiva y composible de los espíritus. Para lograr este objetivo, he dividido esta investigación en dos partes: en la primera parte busco mostrar en qué medida la alteridad y el reconocimiento son indispensables para comprender la filosofía práctica del (...) hannoveriano; mientras que en la segunda busca analizar la naturaleza expresiva y composible de los espíritus, a fin de articular una incipiente fundamentación ontológica de la moral leibniziana. (shrink)

The paper examines an alleged distinction claimed to exist by Van Gelder between two different, but equally acceptable ways of accounting for the systematicity of cognitive output (two “varieties of compositionality”): “concatenative compositionality” vs. “functional compositionality.” The second is supposed to provide an explanation alternative to the Language of Thought Hypothesis. I contend that, if the definition of “concatenative compositionality” is taken in a different way from the official one given by Van Gelder (but one suggested by some of his (...) formulations) then there is indeed a different sort of compositionality; however, the second variety is not an alternative to the language of thought in that case. On the other hand, if the concept of concatenative compositionality is taken in a different way, along the lines of Van Gelder's explicit definition, then there is no reason to think that there is an alternative way of explaining systematicity. (shrink)

There are limits to what can be achieved using the means and medium of international law. This article explores those limits by providing an innovative theory of the nature of international law and how we should understand its limits in terms of value theory. A "four functions" theory is proposed, and these functions are used to interpret areas of international law in terms of their distinctive and valuable contribution to a specific area of human relations. On the basis of this (...) analysis of international law and international legal interpretation, the paper argues that the cosmopolitan aims of a number of moral cosmopolitan scholars fail to taken into account the value limits of international law. This is presented as a value problem, not a problem of feasibility or practicality. (shrink)

The use of the circle to signify wine was common medieval logicians. The author of this article studies the true sense in which those masters used it, making use of literature and the work of great logicians, such as Albert of Saxony and William of Ockham, to do so.

This study examines the influence of women on the boards of directors of National Health Service Foundation Trusts in England. FTs provide a public service where social performance is the primary objective, although financial constraints must be met. Female presence is higher for executive directors than non-executives, reflecting the high number of women employed in the sector. We find that a high female presence among executive and non-executive directorships does not result in significant differences either in financial return or service (...) quality. When gender diversity on boards is consistently high, the benefits on performance of having more women on the board may not be discernible. However, female Chairs or Chief Executives result in significant reductions in negative social outcomes, such as lower clinical negligence costs, without harming financial management. The findings of this study, carried out in a context of high female presence and where a woman frequently occupies one of the two most influential board positions, Chair and Chief Executive, have implications for gender diversity and gender targets on the boards of directors in business and other sectors. (shrink)

El presente artículo aborda la profunda relación de Nietzsche con el lenguaje desde la perspectiva de la filosofía, de la filología y de la poesía. Son reflexiones que remiten al interés del filósofo por la retórica, del filólogo por el estilo, y del poeta que hace uso del lenguaje lírico. Se analizarán cuestiones básicas en la escritura de Nietzsche como la musicalidad, el ritmo, el tono, la metáfora y el carácter dialógico de sus textos.

The aims of the study were to identify coach profiles and examine whether participants from distinct profiles significantly differed on burnout, emotions and coping. A sample of 268 athletes (Mage = 29.34; SD = 12.37), completed a series of self-reported questionnaires. Cluster analyses revealed two coach leadership profiles: (a) profile 1 with high scores of training and instruction, authoritarian behavior, social support and positive feedback, and a low score of democratic behavior; and (b) profile 2 with low levels in training (...) and instruction, authoritarian behavior, social support and positive feedback and high levels in democratic behavior. Results of MANOVAs indicated significant differences across coach profiles on reduced accomplishment, sport devaluation, happiness and seeking support and marginal differences on dejection, logical analysis, imagery/thought control, and excitement. Moreover, coach leadership profiles were not confounded by demographic variables (level of competition, gender, age, number of practice hours, professional versus no professional athletes). As a conclusion, the profile approach offered a holistic way to examine coach leadership in sport as two distinct coach profiles emerged from the cluster analyses with an unexpected combination of coach leadership dimensions. (shrink)

Given the potential that environmentally oriented anti-consumption (EOA) has in achieving environmental sustainability, the authors draw upon marketing, management, environmental, and psychology studies to conceptualize and delimit EOA, differentiating it from other (related but distinct) phenomena. In addition, the authors review the available literature at the individual (micro) level and summarize research on the antecedents and meanings of broad and specific/strict EOA practices with different targets. Furthermore, the authors propose an agenda for future research, which reflects on EOA not only (...) at the individual (micro) level, but also lays out new opportunities for EOA work at organizational (meso), industry, and national (macro) levels. The work presented here hopes to spark multilevel research on EOA, its antecedents and consequences, and reactions to EOA phenomena. (shrink)

Corporate social responsibility pedagogies and teaching techniques have been extensively discussed in the literature. They are viewed as crucial for illustrating business–society relationships and encouraging business students to act ethically. Although the experiential learning perspective prevails in the discussions on CSR education, little attention has been paid to the discursive nature of CSR learning. Considering this gap, the paper explores the role of discourses in CSR education by drawing upon the discursive perspective on CSR and the relational social-constructionist orientation to (...) management learning. To that end, a story co-creation exercise implemented in a CSR course in a Nordic University is used to demonstrate how discourses enable and constrain certain CSR meanings within a business educational context. The paper contributes to the field of CSR education and critical CSR research by suggesting how the discursive nature of CSR can be used to promote more reflexive practices among business students. (shrink)

La antropología, en una escueta pero certera definición, es la “ciencia que estudia la cultura”. Aserto que exige una comprensión clara de lo que significa lo que es la cultura y su evolución; particularmente considerando que desde mediados del Siglo XX vivimos en la Era de la Información, elemento que algunos consideran fundamental, a la par con la materia y/o energía. Este articulo propone una nueva interpretación de la antropología, considerando el impacto de la información. Para formular dicha construcción es (...) necesario no solo definir lo que es la información como objeto de estudio, sino también naturalizarla, hacerla asequible a nuestra experiencia diaria. Este afán logra descubrir el papel fundamental de la información en la antropología, tanto en sus orígenes como en su actual desarrollo local y global. (shrink)

Dating manuscripts is a difficult task – particularly when these are not expressly datemarked, but even when they are. Factors such as the existence of successive copies that continue and repeat established models and production methods make dating a challenging task. The present work forms part of a much broader, comprehensive, investigation on the material composition of dated and bound manuscripts from the School of arabic Studies– CSIC of Granada. By means of a study protocol, errors in the dating of (...) manuscripts ms6, ms10, ms26 and ms29 are successfully detected and corrected, and alternative dating proposed. (shrink)

Este estudio investiga el fenómeno del liderazgo transformacional en Chuskuyaku, explorando sus desafíos y oportunidades para el desarrollo comunitario y la mejora de la calidad de vida. A través de un enfoque interdisciplinario, se examina cómo el liderazgo transformacional influye en la capacidad de la comunidad para enfrentar y superar obstáculos, así como en la promoción de cambios positivos. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativa, exploratoria, descriptiva, correlacional de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por miembros de la comunidad Chuskuyaku. (...) Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y el instrumento del cuestionario, el cual fue evaluado por juicio de expertos. Los resultados de los análisis estadísticos muestran un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,953, lo que indica alta fiabilidad. Asimismo, se estableció un análisis de correlación, mostrando una correlación positiva y moderada entre las variables independientes y dependientes con valores de (0,273**), (0,523**) respectivamente. Al adaptar y aplicar el liderazgo transformacional a un contexto comunitario y rural, este estudio ha enriquecido el campo teórico del liderazgo transformacional. Además, proporciona lecciones útiles sobre cómo diseñar e implementar intervenciones de desarrollo comunitario efectivas en la comunidad de Chuskuyaku que mejoren la calidad de vida y aborden los desafíos socioeconómicos de la comunidad. (shrink)

This article reviews the didactic units in biology and environmental education in the context of Latin America, analyzing their design, implementation, and effectiveness in the teaching of environmental and biological topics. Through a literature review and case analysis, the most commonly used teaching strategies are identified and their impact on student learning is evaluated. It highlights best practices and proposes recommendations to improve the quality of biology and environmental education in the region.

This article aims to revisit the second essay of Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morals, in order to show some aesthetic-theoretical assumptions present in his genealogical investigation on memory and suffering. Central to the purposes of this analysis is Homer’s role, more precisely, the artistic strategies and procedures of his poetics.

This article stresses the main lines of Thomas Aquinas’s philosophy on the nature of the body-soul union. Following Aristotle, Aquinas sees the soul as a ‘principle of life’ which is intimately bound to a body. Together they form a noncontingent composition. In addition, the distinctive feature of the human soul is rationality, which implies that a human needs a mind to be what it is. However, this is not to say, as Descartes proposes, that the reason that I am a (...) human is that I am fully self-conscious. On the contrary, I will show that selfconsciousness is not necessarily a key to defining a human being. To that aim, and based on Aquinas’s views, I draw a distinction between what I will call ‘egos’ and ‘selves’. (shrink)

Schelling’s late philosophy is characterized by its division of philosophy into a “negative” and a “positive” approach. After developing positive philosophy, Schelling goes back in his last work (Darstellung der reinrationalen Philosophie) to a negative philosophy that is to play a critical role within Schelling’s late system by showing pure rationally the limits of pure reason. This critical task requires the failure and crisis of negative philosophy. In the article, I show why Schelling understands his late negative project as a (...) radicalization of Kantian criticism, undertaken by recourse to Aristotle and his notion of actuality. By taking the Aristotelian inspiration into account, I propose a new way of understanding two problems of Schelling scholarship: the need for a late negative philosophy, and the problem of the transition from negative into positive philosophy. (shrink)

Résumé Ni le présentisme, ni l’éternalisme ne peuvent rendre compte de l’ensemble des modalités du temps. La théorie dite du « Growing Block Universe », qui nie la réalité du futur mais concède le même degré de réalité au passé qu’au présent, n’est pas non plus entièrement satisfaisante. Nous proposons donc de distinguer des intensités de présence : l’avenir a une absence maximale et le présent une présence maximale. Il en résulte que, à mesure que le temps passe, nous nous (...) éloignons de l’avenir. (shrink)

El artículo se centra en la relación entre los avances de la neuropolítica y una teoría de la democracia que tiene en la deliberación racional y en la búsqueda de acuerdos su eje central. El punto de partida para este diálogo interdisciplinar es la actual desafección que padecen nuestros sistemas democráticos. A partir de ahí se destacan tanto los peligros de una neuropolítica que comprende los procesos políticos como procesos mentales, como la necesidad de introducir la dimensión afectiva en la (...) política deliberativa. (shrink)

The concept of well-being of rural families is part of a theory under construction in which new theoretical elements are constantly being incorporated. This research aims to determine the influence of farmers’ knowledge on the well‑being of cocoa growing families in the departments of Santander, Huila, Meta and Caquetá, Colombia. Four categories of farmers were identified with different levels of knowledge in the management of cocoa cultivation obtained through a cluster analysis. The well-being of cocoa farmers, understood as the balance (...) in the capital endowment of rural households, was obtained through the application of a semi-structured interview with 49 variables of human, cultural, social, political, natural, built, and financial capitals. The results show that cocoa knowledge is heterogeneous in the study area, with a slight improvement towards harvesting, post-harvest and transformation links. There is a positive relationship between cocoa knowledge and the well-being of cocoa farming families. Thus, producers with greater integral knowledge, with emphasis on post-harvest and bean transformation links, showed greater well-being. The Random Forest analysis identified that human capital (political, social, human, and cultural) made the greatest contribution to well-being. The findings show that cocoa knowledge contributes to the well-being of rural households to the extent that it favors vertical relationships (linkages with local governments) and horizontal relationships of producers (participation of association managers, sharing knowledge with friends, neighbors and partners, and cocoa training). (shrink)

On a Dreyfusian account performers choke when they reflect upon and interfere with established routines of purely embodied expertise. This basic explanation of choking remains popular even today and apparently enjoys empirical support. Its driving insight can be understood through the lens of diverse philosophical visions of the embodied basis of expertise. These range from accounts of embodied cognition that are ultra conservative with respect to representational theories of cognition to those that are more radically embodied. This paper provides an (...) account of the acquisition of embodied expertise, and explanation of the choking effect, from the most radically enactive, embodied perspective, spelling out some of its practical implications and addressing some possible philosophical challenges. Specifically, we propose: an explanation of how skills can be acquired on the basis of ecological dynamics; and a non-linear pedagogy that takes into account how contentful representations might scaffold skill acquisition from a radically enactive perspective. (shrink)

Según Nietzsche, toda moral es un proceso en el cual ciertas necesidades o afectos, correspondientes a individuos, lugares y épocas concretas, se comparten a través del lenguaje, principalmente como un medio para cohesionar o mantener unido a un grupo. Las morales representan modos de cohesión social o, en última instancia, modos de supervivencia. En este sentido, no se oponen a la vida misma, sino que la favorecen. Sin embargo, cuando, a lo largo de la historia, quienes siguen una moral extrapolan (...) sus principios, es decir, sus creencias o juicios sobre el modo correcto de vivir, con la pretensión de verdad y universalidad, en ese punto del desarrollo moral comienzan a negarse la vida y los instintos. Esto se debe a que se niega la posibilidad de diversas formas de vida humana. El lenguaje nos permite constituirnos como individuos sociales y ajustarnos al modo de vida que nos resulte más favorable. No obstante, este mismo lenguaje representa el peligro del logicismo y universalismo de morales específicas. Aquí intentaremos mostrar que la filosofía nietzscheana, al advertir sobre este peligro, cobra valor como una propuesta positiva del sentido histórico de lo moral. (shrink)